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Memorial Day was typically a fun holiday for me and mine. It usually meant cookouts and warm weather. These don’t always go together in Nebraska where I grew up. Every few years it would mean a sojourn out to the family cemetery to lay flowers on graves, almost entirely for relatives I never knew. I enjoyed the quiet graveyard by the little abandoned church and read the familiar names- names I had only heard in stories. I liked trying to find the oldest markers, trying to decipher the military markers, and always stopping to admire the stone featuring a detailed drawing and patent number awarded to my kin for some kind of stump grinding device.

What does Memorial Day have to do with books? Henry Carter Welles was a hyphen bookseller. Not another Barber-Bookseller, but a more common Druggist-Bookseller. Welles, born in 1821, was too old to serve during the Civil War. Sure, there are many, many recorded volunteers who were in their 40s, and beyond, but it was not the norm. However, Mr. Welles, like the rest of the nation, was certainly thinking about the war and how many boys from home never returned.

At a social gathering in the summer of 1865, Welles suggested that a day should be set aside to honor the dead of the Civil War. The next year, he repeated his suggestion to General John B. Murray. The two men and a group of local citizens gained the support of the village, and on May 5, 1866, the first complete observance of Memorial Day took place in Waterloo, NY.

On that day, civic societies joined the procession led by veterans marching to martial music to the three existing cemeteries. At each cemetery there were impressive and lengthy services including speeches by General Murray and a local clergyman. The ceremonies were repeated on May 5, 1867.

Henry C. Welles died in July 1868 but had lived long enough to see Memorial Day nationally proclaimed by General John Logan, the first commander of the Grand Army of the Republic. The GAR was the veteran’s organization for Union vets of the Civil War. This was General Order No. 11 establishing “Decoration Day” as it was then known. The date of the order was May 5, 1868, exactly two years after Waterloo’s first observance. That year Waterloo joined other communities in the nation by having their ceremony on May 30.

The Centennial Committee, formed in Waterloo, New York for the 100th observance in 1966, found old newspapers from the 1860s honoring Henry C. Welles, crediting him for suggesting the first Memorial Day. Until that time it was believed that General Murray started Decoration Day.

So, we have one more to remember this Memorial Day. Henry C. Welles, the bookman who helped organize recognition for those who preserved our Union.

At least, that’s how it goes officially. Since I first wrote this, there has been a lot more historical research done in the matter of the founding of Memorial Day. 

Pictured above is what coin collectors refer to as a store card. It’s a token advertising a particular establishment, Mr. Welles in this case around 1861, minted these tokens. Tokens were widely used as small change, usually, pennies during the Civil War since there was a shortage of official minted money. This was back when our change actually had intrinsic value, unlike today. So, merchants of all sorts saw an opportunity to spread the word about their particular business. However, the story goes, one saloon keeper in New York City took it too far and minted as many as one million tokens with his name and “Remit for 1 Cent”. When the NYC streetcar company tried to remit the hundreds of thousands they’d received for fares, he told them to jump in a lake. They went to Congress, which created stricter laws about private citizens minting US currency.

About the Author: Benjamin L. Clark writes and works as a museum curator.